Myopia, or Nearsightedness, is when the focus of the eye is set too close and the near vision is much better than the distance vision.

​

Astigmatism can contribute to this, but is not the same.

​

The "perfect eye" has a resting focus at the horizon (which we consider anything beyonf 20 feet )

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Myopia, definition

​

cause of myopia

​

risks associated with myopia

- ADL

- glaucoma, cataracts, RD, retinopathy

​

Pandemic

​

How to slow it down

- behavior

- atropine

- MF CL

- Ortho-K

​​

______________________________

Cochrane Library | Interventions to increase time spent outdoors for preventing incidence and progression of myopia in children | Published June 2024 | Shows that there may be benefit though they were shorted term studies, mostly on 1st and 2nd graders in China and Taiwan

​

Current OPW recommendation is >2hrs outdoors

​

_______________________________

​

Myopia control strategies: A systemic review and meta-meta-analysis

​

- effective strategies were defined as slowing change in SER (spherical equivalent refraction) by >= 0.50 D annually or AL (axial length) <= 0.18 mm annually

​

SER: high and moderate atropine (high: >= .5%, mod: >0.05%, low: <= 0.05%), peripheral plus lenses, repeated low level red light

AL: high and moderate atropine, peripheral plus lenses, repeated low level red light, OrthoK

​

______________________________

AOA Recommendations

Recommend treating pre-myopia

​

Tx:

Atropine 0.05%

MF CL

OrthoK

​

play outside more

hold devices further away

​

​

​

​

​